Which term means false information spread without intent to deceive, with the sharer believing it to be true?

• A. Misinformation
• B. Disinformation
• C. Echo Chamber
• D. Deepfake

Answer: (A)

Misinformation captures the idea that false information is spread without the person sharing it intending to mislead, and the sharer often believes it to be true. This distinction matters because the harm can come from people simply sharing something they think is accurate, even if it turns out to be false.

Disinformation, by contrast, involves knowingly sharing false information to deceive others, so intent is the key difference. An echo chamber describes a situation where people mainly encounter opinions and information that reinforce their beliefs, not necessarily whether that information is true. A deepfake refers to manipulated media, like realistic fake videos or audio, which can be used in misinformation or disinformation but describes the technique rather than the sharer’s belief or intent.

So the term that best matches the scenario—false information shared under the belief that it is true—is misinformation.